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- 1-2-3 Notes
- All Versions
- September 6, 1984
- Lotus Development Corporation
-
- NOTE 102
- Memory Use
-
-
- Introduction
-
- A 1-2-3 worksheet has 256 columns and 2,048 rows (or 523,288
- cells), but the actual amount of information you can enter on one
- worksheet depends on the amount of available memory. Available
- memory depends on four factors:
-
- * the amount of Random Access Memory (RAM) in the computer
- * the organization of the worksheet
- * the type of data you are entering
- * the amount of information you enter in each cell
-
- This note examines some basic aspects of 1-2-3 and memory use.
-
-
-
- Random Access Memory
-
- Random Access Memory, or RAM, is the amount of temporary memory
- available in the computer. The memory is temporary because
- information is stored in RAM only when the computer is turned on.
- If you turn the computer off, all the information in RAM is lost.
- (To permanently store information, you save it on a floppy disk or
- hard disk.)
-
- RAM is measured in bytes. One kilobyte, or 1K, is equal to 1,024
- bytes. If a computer has 256K, it has 256 kilobytes (or 262,144
- bytes) of RAM.
-
- Think of RAM as spaces in the computer for storing information
- while you are working. The larger the RAM, the more bytes, or
- spaces, are available for use with a worksheet.
-
-
-
- The /Worksheet Status Command
-
- The /Worksheet Status command displays information about the
- worksheet settings and the amount of available memory on a
- worksheet. Begin with a new 1-2-3 worksheet on the screen and
- select the /Worksheet Status command.
-
- The headings for the worksheet settings and available memory
- appear at the top of the screen. The third line displays the
- status of the settings and memory. The number under Avail Memory
- is the amount of RAM (in bytes) available for use with the
- worksheet. (This is not the available space on the disk.)
-
- On a new worksheet, the Avail Memory status reflects the amount of
- RAM in the computer minus the memory used by 1-2-3 and the
- operating system. The available memory will vary depending on
- which version of 1-2-3 you are using, the size of the operating
- system, and the particular drivers you have installed. 1-2-3
- requires approximately 100K, and the operating system may need
- from 12K to 30K depending on the system. The remaining memory is
- available for a worksheet, and the amount of available memory will
- decrease as you enter information on the worksheet.
-
- Note: 1-2-3 does not support the use of the Assign command in
- DOS. If you have used DOS's Assign command, the available
- memory status may be over several megabytes.
-
- If you add memory to the computer, the increase will automatically
- be reflected by an increased amount of memory available for the
- worksheet. The amount of memory you can add varies from computer
- to computer.
-
-
-
- Worksheet Organization and Memory Use
-
- The way information is organized on a worksheet helps determine
- how much memory is needed. 1-2-3 defines the "active worksheet
- area" as a rectangle extending from cell A1 to the last column and
- row where information was entered or a cell was formatted. You
- can identify this active area by pressing the End key followed by
- the Home key. This moves the pointer to the cell in the
- lower-right corner of the active area.
-
- It is important to know the size of the active area because 1-2-3
- allocates 4 bytes of memory for every blank cell that falls within
- the active area of the worksheet. For example, if you entered
- information in cell T20, 1-2-3 would define the active area as the
- range from A1 to T20. Memory would be allocated for that range
- even though you entered information in only one cell. If you
- pressed the End key followed by the Home key, the pointer would go
- to cell T20.
-
- Since blank cells in the active area take up memory, you should
- make the active area of the worksheet as compact and close to A1
- as possible.
-
- Note: If you are creating a worksheet containing a macro, keep in
- mind that blank rows and columns between the macro and the
- worksheet use up memory. Although you should enter a macro
- in a blank area of the worksheet, choose a spot that will
- keep the active area of the worksheet as small as possible.
-
-
- Using End-Home to Evaluate the Active Area
-
- The following exercise uses the End and Home keys to examine the
- relationship between worksheet size, organization, and memory use.
-
- 1. Start with an empty worksheet. Move the pointer to any cell
- but do not enter any information. To check the End-Home
- position, press the End key and then the Home key. The
- pointer should move to cell A1 because you have not entered
- any information on the worksheet.
-
- 2. Select /Worksheet Status. Look under Avail Memory and write
- down the number of bytes available on the empty worksheet.
- Press the Return key to return to Ready Mode.
-
- 3. Go to cell E1 and enter a single letter. Move the pointer
- back to cell A1. Now press the End and Home keys. The
- pointer should move to cell E1 because 1-2-3 has defined the
- active area of the worksheet as the range from A1 to E1.
-
- 4. Select /Worksheet Status again and look at the available
- memory. 1-2-3 has used 4 bytes for every empty cell in the
- active area between cells A1 and E1. Write down how much
- memory is now available. Press Return.
-
- 5. Go to cell A10 and enter a single letter. Press the End and
- Home keys, and the pointer should move to cell E10. Remember,
- 1-2-3 defines the active area as a rectangle extending from
- cell A1 to the last column and row where information was
- entered. 1-2-3 now defines the active area as the range from
- A1 to E10.
-
- 6. Select /Worksheet Status again and look at the available
- memory. Compare the number under Avail Memory to the other
- two numbers you wrote down. 1-2-3 has used 4 bytes for every
- blank cell in the active area between cells A1 and E10. Press
- the Return key to return to Ready Mode.
-
-
- Using /File Xtract to Adjust the Active Area
-
- Sometimes the End-Home position is not where you expect it to be.
- If you have placed and then erased information or accidently typed
- a character in a remote cell, the End-Home position may be far
- from the worksheet data and you may get a Memory Full error
- message. Memory Full means there is no more memory (RAM)
- available for use with the worksheet. Erasing the contents of a
- cell does not change the active area of the worksheet, so erasing
- a cell or even deleting several rows will not increase the
- available memory.
-
- To decrease the active area of a worksheet and regain memory, use
- the /File Xtract command. /File Xtract copies all of the
- information in a specified range of the worksheet to a separate,
- new worksheet file. The active area of this new worksheet file
- includes only the range of information you copied.
-
- Note: If you are doing a /File Xtract on a worksheet, be sure to
- include all the information you want copied into the new
- file. Also, choose a new file name. If you choose an
- existing file name, the worksheet you are extracting will
- replace the existing file. See the 1-2-3 User's Manual for
- more information on /File Xtract.
-
- 1. Start with a new worksheet and enter the following
- information, beginning in cell A1:
-
- A B C
- 1 1984 Jan. Feb.
- 2 Rent 550 550
- 3 Food 400 350
- 4 Car 180 40
- 5 Medical 65 0
-
- 2. Press the End and Home keys. The pointer should move to cell
- C5. Select /Worksheet Status and write down the amount of
- available memory.
-
- 3. Go to cell E10 and enter a number or letter. Go back to cell
- A1 and press the End and Home keys to identify the active area
- of the worksheet. Select /Worksheet Status and write down the
- amount of available memory.
-
- 4. Go to cell E10 and use the /Range Erase command to erase the
- information there. Move back to cell A1 and press End and
- Home again. Even though you erased the information in cell
- E10, 1-2-3 remembers that information was placed there and
- does not change the active area of the worksheet. Select
- /Worksheet Status. You will see you have not regained any
- memory by erasing cell E10.
-
- 5. Move the pointer to cell A1 and select /File Xtract. Select
- Formulas.
-
- 6. Type in a new file name. Name the new file Memory for this
- example. Press Return.
-
- 7. Now specify the worksheet range that you want to extract into
- the new file, Memory. The range should include only cells
- with relevant information (A1 to C5 in this example). Do not
- include the blank cells below or to the right of the worksheet
- data.
-
- 8. Press Return, and 1-2-3 will extract the range you specified
- and make a new worksheet file.
-
- 9. To see the new file, select /File Retrieve and choose the file
- named Memory. Check the size of the active area of the new
- file by pressing End and Home. The End-Home position should
- be cell C5. Select /Worksheet Status and check the available
- memory. It should be greater than the amount of memory you
- recorded before extracting the file.
-
-
- Worksheet Content and Memory Use
-
- The amount of information you can enter on a worksheet depends on
- the content of the cells as well as the organization of the data.
- The following information should help you evaluate memory use in a
- worksheet:
-
- * Blank cells use 4 bytes.
-
- * Integers (numbers between -32768 and 32768) use 4 bytes.
-
- * Real numbers use 12 bytes.
-
- * Labels up to 4 characters long use 6 bytes. Longer labels use
- an additional byte for each additional character. For example,
- a 3-character label would use 6 bytes, and a 10-character label
- would use 12 bytes.
-
- * Formulas use a minimum of 30 bytes. The more complex a
- formula, the more memory it uses.
-
- * Range names use 32 bytes each, regardless of the length of the
- name.
-
- * Graph names use 461 bytes each, regardless of which options are
- used.